Culturing under aerobic conditions led to the detection of nine bacterial genera in the RPW larval gut. Both pyrosequencing and culturing revealed that Enterobacteriaceae is the most represented bacterial family in the gut of

RPW larvae. In this work, the culture-based approach helped in obtaining a better description of some members of Enterobacteriaceae as the complete sequence of the 16S rRNA gene could be obtained from the isolated bacteria. The pyrosequencing approach, that relies upon a short 16S rRNA gene fragment, did not detect sequences of the genus Klebsiella, that was instead abundantly Akt inhibitor isolated by culturing. Failing of its detection could be due to low variability of the V2 region between Klebsiella and Enterobacter[12, 40] and the sequences of Klebsiella might have been included in the genus Enterobacter by the RDP Classifier software. Another genus detected by cultivation but absent in the 454 assemblage was Bacillus that might be present at very low levels in the RPW gut, so that its detection might be impaired by PCR biases. Bacilli isolated from the gut are close to selleck chemicals llc B. muralis and B. simplex, and cluster separately from palm endophyte bacilli and frass bacilli previously isolated, that

are related to the B. cereus/thuringiensis group. Cuticle Bacillus isolates, that survived sterilization procedures, form a separate cluster from gut bacilli and are closer to the Bacillus isolates previously obtained from frass and from healthy palms as endophytes [2] (Additional file 5). This suggest that they belong to a bacterial community external to the larvae, that might contribute to the fitness of larvae inside the plant tissues. The cuticle aerobic spore-forming bacteria might produce antimicrobial molecules that could negatively affect the sensitivity of the larvae to entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria [41]. A low bacterial diversity and the presence of a prevailing sugar-fermenting microbiota suggest that the digestion

of plant polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose) is not a primary BCKDHA function of the RPW larvae. However, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria were previously isolated by enrichment cultures from the gut of RPW larvae and were mainly affiliated to the Gamma and Alphaproteobacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Enterobacter Microbacterium and Paenibacillus [2]. The presence of these genera in the RPW gut was confirmed by pyrosequencing (Additional file 6). Matching the 454-reads with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the gut cellulolytic isolates, we obtained up to 99% identity of cluster_3902 (3 sequences) with the cellulolytic isolate Pseudomonas sp. R-8 (Genbank accession JN167546) and 98% identity of five different clusters (for a total of 159 sequences) with the cellulolytic RPW gut isolate Enterobacter sp.

The BLOCK-iT fluorescent oligo that is not homologous to any known genes was used as transfection

efficiency detector and a negative control to ensure against induction of non-specific cellular events caused by introduction of the oligo into cells. Among the three siRNA oligo duplexes specific for slug, the one that required the smallest concentration to achieve the desired knockdown effect Forskolin supplier was selected and used in all experiments. Real-time RT-PCR for E-cadherin mRNA after transient transfection of Slug siRNA siRNA oligos were transfected into QBC939 (the highest level of Slug expression) cells (2 × 105) by using BLOCK-iT transfection kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol for 48 h. The mRNA inhibiting levels were

assayed with Real-time RT-PCR . Tumor invasion in Matrigel-coated chambers To determine invasive ability, siRNA-Slug , Slug cDNA or mock control cells (1.25 × 105 per well)were plated on the BD Matrigel invasion chambers (BD Biosciences). Medium in the upper chamber was supplemented with 5% FCS. In the lower chamber, FCS concentration was 10%. After 24 h, cells migrated into the lower chamber were stained and counted. Experiments were carried out in triplicate and repeated twice. Statistical Analysis Follow-up was obtained through office records, telephone contact, or E-mail. Patient follow-up was complete up to September, 2008. Survival was calculated

from the date of resection to one year after postoperation. All results Selleckchem Buparlisib were expressed as mean ± SE. Comparisons between Snail/Slug expression levels (R; > 100 or ≤ 100) and E-cadherin expression patterns were evaluated using χ2 test, and comparisons between the Snail/Slug expression ratios and 5-FU mw clinicopathological parameters were evaluated using t test or F test. P of < 0.05 was considered to have statistical significance. Results Expression of Slug and Snail mRNA in extrahepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma We quantified the copy numbers of Slug and Snail mRNA in 52 pairs of EHC tissue and noncancerous bile duct tissues using a TaqMan probe on ABI Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System, as described above. The copy number of Slug, Snail and GAPDH mRNA ranged from 218.4 to 83096, 117.8 to 15262, and 1238.56 to 6287429, respectively. Slug and Snail expression were standardized using the expression of the GAPDH housekeeping gene as the internal control. The cancerous (T)/noncancerous (N) ratio of mRNA (R) was then calculated to determine Snail and Slug mRNA levels in each case. Slug mRNA levels in cancerous tissue ranged from 0.823 to 58.9 (mean ± SE: 13.8 ± 3.1) and that of noncancerous tissue from 4.14 to 142 (mean ± SE: 39.6 ± 4.8). The ratio (R) of Slug ranged from 0.04 to 658 (mean ± SE: 63.4 ± 19.3). 18 (34.6%) of 52 examined samples were defined as cases overexpressing Slug mRNA.

However, an evident distinction between the leaf-derived profiles and those from the stems could be observed in DGGE, as it was observed for the total bacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. Two groups were formed at 54% in the resulting dendrogram based on the location in the plant (Figure 3). Plants from the genotype LSID003 seemed to select the fungal community present in their leaves, as a separate group was formed in the dendrogram at

approximately 20%. Different bands were retrieved from the gel (marked in Figure 3 with the letter F, followed by a number), and their phylogenetic comparison revealed 29 sequences associated with the genus Lasiodiplodia (F2-F4, F6, F8-F10, F12, F13, F15-F18, PF-01367338 supplier F20, F21, F23-F26, F30-F35,

F47, F50, F52, F53), 11 with Botryosphaeria (F1, F5, F7, F11, F14, F19, F22, F36, F48, F49, F51), seven with Mycosphaerella (F38-F40, F42, F43, F45, F46), two with Corynespora (F55, F56) and one with each of the following genera: Neoaleurodiscus (F27), Ceratobasidium (F29), Heteroacanthella (F37), Pantospora (F41), Passalora (F44) and Massarinaceae (F54). While bands related to the genera Neoaleurodiscus and Heteroacanthella were found in the stems, Mycosphaerella, Pantospora, Passalora, Massarinaceae and Corynespora were exclusively detected in the leaves. Although a few members of the Basidiomycota (Ceratobasidium and Heteroacanthella) were present, the majority of the bands from both leaves and stems were associated Proteasome inhibitor with the Ascomycota. Principal

component analysis (PCA) of DGGE patterns Ordination of the PCR-DGGE profiles using PCA supported the aforementioned effects of plant location on the bacterial (Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria) and fungal communities (Figure 6a, b, c, d, f). This effect was not clearly observed for the actinobacterial community (Figure 6e). Figure 6 Principal component analysis (PCA) ordination diagram with stem and leaf samples from Lippia sidoides genotypes LSID003, LSID006, LSID104 and LSID105 and the components of the essential oil (thymol and carvacrol) as variables Nutlin-3 solubility dmso (arrows): first axis – horizontal, second axis – vertical. The fraction of the total variance accounted for by each axis is indicated in parentheses. The corresponding communities analyzed are as follows: (a) (b) total bacteria, (c) Alphaproteobacteria, (d) Betaproteobacteria, (e) Actinobacteria and (f) fungi. The genotypes are represented by the three first numbers (LSID – 003, 006, 104 and 105), followed by C or F for stem and leaf samples and T1 and T2 corresponding to the replicates. The first PCA axes explained 51.2, 32.8, 25.0, 26.3, 25.9 and 23.4% of the variance, whereas the second ones covered 20.1, 23.6, 19.2, 20.4, 14.6 and 14.7% (Figure 6a, b, c, d, e, f, respectively). With respect to the total bacterial communities, PCA ordination of the samples showed a tendency for these communities to group based on their origin, i.e.

g., nitrofurantoin), generating highly reactive electrophilic intermediates [23]. While the physiological role of nitroreductases

in bacteria is unknown, mutants lacking nitroreductases are more resistant to nitroaromatic compounds [24]. Since the loss of gene function is associated with an increase in resistance to the antimicrobial agent, we thought that these genes might provide an ideal starting point for studying spontaneous mutation, as mutations in these genes would not be biased by the constraints of having to retain enzymatic function. We used database Caspase inhibition searches to identify a potential nitroreductase in GC, cloned and expressed the gene, verified its biochemical properties, and analyzed the DNA sequence of the gene in spontaneous nitrofurnatoin-resistant mutants. Methods Bacterial strains and growth media E. coli strain DH5α-mcr was used for genetic manipulations and was obtained from Bethesda Research Laboratories [now Life Technologies] (Rockville, MD). N. gonorrhoeae strains used in this study are described in Table 1. N. gonorrhoeae were grown

on GCK agar (GCMB, Difco supplemented with 0.5% Selleck CT99021 agar and Kellogg’s supplements) [25]. GCP broth was prepared by adding proteose peptone #3 (15 g), soluble starch (1 g), KH2PO4 (4 g), K2HPO4 (1 g), NaCl (5 g)/L of ultra-pure water (pH 7.5). LB agar and broth were prepared from powder obtained from US Biologicals. Plasmids used in this study are described in Table 2. Table 1 Bacterial

strains used in these studies Strain Relevant Phenotype Source N. gonorrhoeae FA1090   P. Frederick Sparling N. gonorrhoeae FA19   William Shafer N. gonorrhoeae F62   P. Frederick Sparling N. gonorrhoeae MS11   Herman Schneider N. gonorrhoeae PID2   Herman Schneider N. gonorrhoeae FA1090(M1) Spontaneous nitrofurantoin resistant mutant This Study N. gonorrhoeae FA1090 -Nfsb(mod) Strain with a modified poly adenine tract in the beginning of the gene This Study N. gonorrhoeae FA1090 NfsB-BsmI-Σ Strain lacking NfsB This Study Table 2 Plasmids used in these studies Plasmids Properties Thymidylate synthase Source pK18 General cloning vector [38] pHP45Σ Plasmid containing the Σ interposon [39] pNFSB The nfsB region from FA1090 was amplified by PCR using primers NP1 and NP2. The amplicon was purified, digested with BamHI and cloned into the BamHI site in pK18. This study pEC1 The DNA between the adjacent BsmI sites were removed by digesting pEC2 with BsmI, ligating the DNA and transforming it into E. coli. This study pEC2 Two BsmI sites were inserted into pNFSB by PCR amplification using primers NfsBBsmI-3F and -2R, treating the amplicon with S1 nuclease and polynucleotide kinase, ligating the DNA and transforming it into E. coli. This study pEC3 A BsrGI site was introduced downstream of the NfsB coding sequence by PCR amplification of pEC1 using primers dwnstrm-F and dwnstrm-R.

The positive isolation rates of spirochete from Apodemus agrarius was 17.65% (3 strains

isolated from 17 Apodemus agrarius) for the site in Jingping, and 6.25% (1 strain isolated from 16 Apodemus agrarius) for the site in Liping (Table 2). Results of serogroup buy Ku-0059436 identification of leptospiral isolates MAT was performed using a battery of anti-serum against the Chinese reference strains belonging to 15 serovars in 15 serogroups. All the four strains agglutinated with anti-serum against reference strain 56601 belonging to serovars Lai of serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae with titres ≥100, and no positive results of MAT were observed with anti- serum against to strains belong to the other serogroups (Table 3), according to the determine standard Luminespib mouse that samples with titres ≥100 were recognized as positive. Table 3 Results of MAT identification for leptospires isolated from Apodemus agrarius in Guizhou Province Anti-serum against the Chinese reference strains belonging

to 15 serovars in 15 serogroups MAT results (titres) of isolated strains Anti-Serum No. Strain Serovar Serogroup JP13 JP15 JP19 LP62 56601 Lai Lai Icterohaemorrhagiae + (1:800) + (1:800) + (1:800) + (1:400) 56602 M10 Javanica Javanica – - – - 56603 Lin Canicola Canicola – - – - 56604 Pishu Ballum Ballum – - – - 56605 4 Pyrogenes Pyrogenes – - – - 56606 Lin 4 Autumnalis Autumnalis – - – - 56607 Sep-65 Australis Australis – - – - 56608 Luo Pomona Pomona – - – - 56609 Lin 6 Linhai Grippotyphosa – - – - 56610 P7 Hebdomadis Hebdomadis – - – - 56612 L37 Paidjian Bataviae – - – - 56613 65-52 Tarassovi Tararrovi – - – - 56615 L 105 Cingshui Manhao – - – - 56635 L 138 Sejroe Wolffi – - – - 56655 Nan 10 Mini Mini – - – - +: Positive; -: Negative. MLST pattern of leptospiral isolates Seven MLST loci based primers were used to amplify the chromosome DNA of leptospiral isolates, and all of the seven loci were successfully amplified from the four isolates. The Isotretinoin MLST pattern showed that the four isolates produced a same size of PCR segment

at the same locus (Figure 1). Figure 1 PCR products from the seven selected MLST loci of four leptospiral strains isolated from Jinping and Liping County, Guizhou province. PCR products were electrophoresised through a 1.2% agarose gel. M: 100 bp DNA Ladder; 1, Leptospira isolate JP13; 2, Leptospira isolate JP15; 3, Leptospira isolate JP19; 4, Leptospira isolate JP62. ST of leptospiral isolates Seven loci (pntA, sucA, fadD, tpiA, pfkB, mreA, and glmU) of the chromosome DNA of the four leptospiral isolates were successfully sequenced. The sequences were analysed following the standard MLST protocol which can be accessed at http://​leptospira.​mlst.​net, an allele number was assigned to all the allele of different leptospiral strains and the allelic profile (string of seven integers) was defined as sequence type 1 (ST1: 1-1-1-1-1-1-1) (Figure 2).

5% NR obtained by EDX. Figure 3a shows the high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanning TEM image of the nanorod, while Figure 3b,c,d are elemental mappings of Ti, O, and Sn, respectively, collected from the nanorod within the rectangular region marked in Figure 3a. Although this percentage of Sn/Ti

has approached to the detection limit of EDX and some background noise have kicked in, we can find that Sn atoms have been incorporated over the entire TiO2 nanorod obviously in Figure 3d. Besides, the Sn/Ti ratios of all the detected samples are close to the SnCl4/TBOT molar ratios as shown in (Additional file 1: Figure S3). Figure 3 HAADF scanning TEM image and elemental mappings of a Sn/TiO 2 -0.5% NR. (a) HAADF scanning TEM image, (b), (c), and (d) is the elemental mappings of Ti, LBH589 price O, and Sn, collected from the nanorod within the rectangular region marked in (a). To further

determine the crystal structure and possible phase changes after Sn doping, we collected the XRD spectra from pristine TiO2 NRs and Sn/TiO2 NRs synthesized with different precursor molar ratio, as shown in Figure 4, in which the typical diffraction peaks of the patterns have been marked. It confirms that the Sn/TiO2 NRs have a tetragonal rutile TiO2 crystal structure (JCPDS No. 21–1276), which is the same as the pristine TiO2 NRs. Even for the highly doped sample (Sn/TiO2-3%), there is no obvious change in diffraction peaks. We infer that the Sn atoms just replace Ti atoms in some spots without destroy the rutile TiO2 crystal structure as schematically RXDX-106 nmr illustrated in (Additional file 1: Figure S4). Noteworthy is that the relative intensity of (002) peaks seems to decrease as the doping level exceed 2%. This change may result from the fact that the perpendicularity of the nanorods to the substrate has reduced, as demonstrated in (Additional file 1: Figure S2). Figure 4 XRD patterns of pristine TiO 2 NRs and Sn/TiO 2 NRs synthesized with different precursor molar ratio. The reference spectra (JCPDS No. 21–1276 and No.

46–1088) were plotted for comparison. To investigate the changes of the surface composition and chemical Dichloromethane dehalogenase states of TiO2 NRs after introducing Sn doping, the XPS spectra collected from the pristine TiO2 NRs and two representative Sn/TiO2 NRs samples with initial SnCl4/TBOT molar ratio of 1% and 3% are compared in Figure 5a. The XPS peaks of the TiO2 NRs (with or without Sn doping) at about 458.1 and 463.9 eV correspond to Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 (Figure 5b), and the XPS peak at about 529.4 eV corresponds to O 1 s state (Figure 5c), respectively. In Figure 5d, the two peaks of the spectra collected from Sn/TiO2-3% NRs at about 486.2 and 494.8 eV correspond to Sn 3d5/2 and Sn 3d3/2, which confirms that the main dopant is Sn4+.

The ten remaining cases (66,6%) showed three chromogenic signals. The three cases with FGFR-1 amplification matched with those primary breast carcinomas showing FGFR-1 amplification. The six cases showing FGFR-1 gains in the primary tumour again showed FGFR-1 gains in the metastases. Four cases showed gains

of FGFR-1 gene signals in the metastases and not in the primary tumours. Discussion The data reported herein, show that: 1) FGFR-1 amplification is observed in a subset of lymph-nodal and haematogenous metastases from lobular breast carcinoma; 2) minor heterogeneity is scored in matched primary and metastatic lobular breast carcinomas; 3) in the era of tailored therapies, patients affected by Autophagy Compound Library the lobular subtype of breast carcinoma with FGFR-1 amplification may be considered a potential patients’ subset benefiting from FGFR-1 inhibitor. The efficacy use of endocrine therapies

for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and trastuzumab and lapatinib for targeting HER2-positive tumors has placed the way for the clinical development of other metastatic breast cancer Selleck Alectinib targeted therapies [12]. Conversely, the benefit of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) monoclonal antibody in the metastatic setting, is still under investigation, as well as new HER2-targeted agents and VEGF-targeted agents, dual epidermal growth factor receptor/HER2-targeted agents, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and mammalian target of rapamycin and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors [12]. These anticancer agents are being tested Edoxaban in clinical trials with the potential of addressing unmet therapeutic needs in the metastatic patient population [13]. In the breast cancer scenario, Massabeau et al. evaluated the role of FGFR1 and its ligand, the fibroblast growth factor 2 in determining the response to chemoradiotherapy [14]. Among the low/intermediate grade tumors, FGFR-1 negative tumors did not respond to chemoradiotherapy, compared

with tumors expressing FGFR-1 among which, almost one half had a good response. Among the low and intermediate grade breast cancers, the FGFR-1 negative tumors were resistant to chemoradiotherapy. They concluded that the expression of FGFR-1 in patients’ biopsies may serve as a marker of response to chemoradiotherapy. Turner et al. concluded that amplification and overexpression of FGFR1 may be a major contributor to poor prognosis in luminal-type breast cancers, driving anchorage-independent proliferation and endocrine therapy resistance [15]. In our study we found a subset of lobular breast carcinoma, be characterized by FGFR-1 amplification or gains of chromogenic signals, not only in primary tumours but also in the metastatic tissue. In this context, patients affected by lobular breast carcinomas and characterized by gains/amplification of FGFR-1 molecule, could receive effective regimens (predictive biomarker) with FGFR-1 inhibitors (targeted therapy).

To confirm equal protein loading, identical gels were run in parallel and stained by Coomassie Blue R-250 [14, 71]. The enhanced growth of Suc++ mutants was assessed in liquid media by comparing the growth LY2835219 research buy of wild type EDL933 and the derived mutants. There was no difference between growth of mutants and wild type cultures on glucose. However, growth of wild type strains on succinate was much lower compared with that of mutant strains, with a 10-fold longer generation time (Table 3). In addition, the Suc++ mutants grew similarly to an rpoS-null deletion mutant

on succinate and glucose (Table 3). Table 3 Growth of EDL933 and isogenic mutants in M9 minimal media with glucose, succinate, fumarate or malate as the sole carbon source.

Substrate Generation time (min)   WT rpoS Suc++ Glucose 94 ± 8 102 ± 28 106 ± 8 Succinate 1,443 ± 250 93 ± 10 116 ± 14 Fumarate 2,780 ± 422 135 ± 12 139 ± 6 Malate 2,107 ± 731 1,443 ± 31 1,147 ± 16 M9 minimal media with glucose (0.4%), succinate (1%), fumarate (1%), or malate (1%) were prepared as described in Methods. Cells were grown in LB to an OD600 of 0.6, washed with 1× M9 salts at 4°C, and inoculated into fresh minimal media at a starting OD600 nm of 0.05. Cultures were incubated at 37°C and sampled every hour. This experiment was performed in triplicate. Characterization of rpoS mutations in Suc++ mutants To determine if the loss of RpoS function in Suc++ mutants resulted from acquired mutations in rpoS, the rpoS region learn more of VTEC Suc++ mutants exhibiting catalase deficiency was amplified and sequenced in both directions. Inactivating mutations, predicted to result in premature termination of RpoS, were identified in the rpoS gene in all the Suc++ catalase deficient mutants Farnesyltransferase (see Additional files 1 and 2). These acquired mutations included transitions, transversions, deletions and duplications (see Additional files 1 and 2). To ensure that enhanced growth on succinate

was attributable to acquisition of rpoS mutations (rather than to secondary mutations), selected Suc++ mutants carrying rpoS null mutations were complemented with a plasmid-borne functional rpoS [33]. As expected, the growth of transformed cells on succinate was much slower than that of the Suc++ parental strains, confirming that acquired mutations in rpoS are responsible for the enhanced growth of Suc++ mutants (data not shown). To examine the effect of mutation on RpoS levels, Western analysis using polyclonal antisera to RpoS was performed. In the selected representative Suc++ mutants (see Additional file 2), RpoS protein was absent (Figure 1B). In addition, the expression of AppA, a RpoS-dependent protein which has both acid phosphatase and phytase activities [34, 35], was substantially decreased in Suc++ mutants to about 25% of the expression level in isogenic wild type strains (Figure 1B).

All samples and standards were assayed in duplicate. H. pylori IgG and mutant p53 were quantified by extrapolating the average optic density for each set of duplicates on a standard curve obtained with known concentrations of purified H. pylori antibodies and mutant p53

respectively. For all analyses we used a Labinstruments SLT-400 ELISA spectrophotometer (Salzburg, Austria) with a 405 nm filter for H. pylori and a 450 nm filter for p53 [24]. Serum ceruloplasmin was measured by nephelometry with a Behring Nephelometer ABC294640 cost 100 analyzer (Behringwerke AG, Marburg, Germany). Statistical analysis All statistical computations were performed using SPSS software package (SPSS Version 10.0 for Windows, Inc, Chicago, IL) [37]. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable (means and confidence this website intervals). The statistical significance of the differences between groups were analyzed by Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Significance of the difference between the seropositive and seronegative populations in towns with high and low mortality due to stomach cancer was found for serum concentration of p53 protein. The possible

correlations between serum ceruloplasmin concentration, H. pylori IgG antibody level and p53 level. All tests of significance were 2-tailed, and a P value of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant. Results Helicobacter H. pylori IgG antibody (Table 1) In the coastal town of Barbate, 92 of the 308 subjects (29.87%) were positive for H. pylori IgG antibody, with a mean value of 242.5 IU/L (95% CI 232-386). Mean value

in negative subjects (n = 216) was 19.4 IU/L (CI 16-24). In the inland town of Ubrique, 257 of the 319 subjects were positive (80.56%), with a mean value of 397.3 IU/L (95% CI 345-405 IU/L). The mean value in negative subjects (n = 62) was 16.6 IU/L (CI 12-22). The difference in the rate of seropositivity in the two populations was significant at p < 0.001. Table 1 Serum concentration of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies. Population N Mean (IU/L) CI ADAMTS5 95% p value BARBATE 308 ——-     H. pylori (+) 92 242.5 232-386 <0.001 H. pylori (-) 216 19.4 16-24   UBRIQUE 319 ——-     H. pylori (+) 257 397.3 345-405 <0.001 H. pylori (-) 62 16.6 12-22   GASTRIC CANCER 71 ——-     H. pylori (+) 68 400 305-495 <0.001 H. pylori (-) 3 17.4 15-19   CI, confidence interval Mutant p53 genotype (Table 2) Of the 349 subjects who were seropositive for H. pylori IgG antibody, 286 (81.94%) had mutant p53, with a mean value of 0.973 ng/mL (95% CI 0.847-1.098). Of the 278 seronegative subjects, mutant p53 protein was detected in only 27 (9.71%), with a mean value of 0.239 ng/mL (95% CI 0.131-0.346). The frequency of quantifiable mutations was thus significantly higher in subjects who were seropositive for H. pylori IgG antibody than in seronegative subjects (p < 0.001). The mean serum value was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer (1.973 ng/mL, 95%, CI 0.895-2.

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