This limitation can also be found in the United States, where no

This limitation can also be found in the United States, where no routine prenatal serology is performed.15 It can be concluded that, even when tested using serological methods with high sensitivity, up to one-third of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis may be negative for Toxo-IgM at birth. In cases of maternal infection that occurred very close to the Sunitinib ic50 time of delivery, newborns can show positive serology for toxoplasmosis a few days or weeks after birth. In most newborns or infants with positive Toxo-IgM, the period of positivity is quite brief. Infected children with positive Toxo-IgM in the neonatal screening

may already be negative at the time of confirmatory testing, which should not be initially regarded as false positivity of the screening test. It is important not to interrupt the monitoring of infants with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis due to a negative Toxo-IgM result. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. “
“In both developed and developing countries, respiratory diseases

contribute to the high Dolutegravir mouse proportion of morbidity and mortality in childhood. It is estimated that 25% to 33% of deaths observed in children younger than five years are caused by acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and their complications.1 In Brazil, the expectation of new cases of childhood cancer is 9,300 cases per year in children younger than 15 years. Among these, the most common are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and central nervous system (CNS) tumor, followed by Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL).2 The very RVX-208 presence of the disease may be a factor of immunosuppression, especially in ALL and lymphomas. Conversely, treatment with chemotherapy interferes with patients’ immune response capacity;3 infection is the most common complication associated with cancer and its treatment, representing the main cause of death rather than the

cancer itself.2 Acute viral respiratory infections are the most common causes of febrile episodes in children younger than five years, even in children treated with antineoplastic drugs.4 and 5 Many studies, concepts, and protocols are well established for the management of fever episodes in children with cancer. However, there are still doubts regarding the true incidence and the role of viral agents in respiratory infections in these patients.6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 Few studies have been published on this subject in the past; little attention has been given in the literature to new viruses such as human coronavirus (hCoV) and metapneumovirus (hMPV A/B) in immunocompromised pediatric patients.10 and 11 This study aimed to determine the frequency of infection caused by respiratory viruses in patients younger than 21 years with cancer and acute respiratory infection, and to identify whether there is a subgroup that has severe ARI. An observational, cross-sectional study was performed.

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