The modelling approach to study antibody persistence has been used for other vaccine-preventable diseases, including diphtheria [16] and [17], hepatitis A [18], hepatitis B [19], meningitis A [20], pertussis [21] and HPV [22] to address questions of duration of protection Tenofovir supplier and need and timing of boosters. These previous efforts utilize either an exponential-type or a linear modelling approach depending on whether antibody titres were log-transformed or not. While all approaches sought to explain the population-level evolution of antibody titres, not all considered the individual-level of variability with mixed-effect models as we did. By considering different

model structures (linear, piecewise linear, exponential-type) using mixed effects, we were able to study the sensitivity of our conclusions on functional assumptions while capturing individual-level effects. Our predictions required us to extrapolate data beyond the 5 year period of observation, which implicitly assumes that the linear rate of antibody decay (in log-units) must continue after 5 years. Based on our model comparisons, the linear assumption is justified, and this is also supported by antibody persistence

studies for other diseases [17] and [21]. By limiting our main conclusions to 10 years, we were cautious not to extrapolate too far into the future as the uncertainty in predictions increases. In conclusion, the analysis performed enabled us to characterize the antibody decay after JE-CV vaccination as follows: a short period of rapid decline no longer than 6 months followed by a decay at a much slower rate. The results buy BVD-523 obtained also highlighted that one dose of JE-CV provided most adults living in a non-endemic area with seroprotection for more than 10 years. Considering the natural boosting that could occur in a population exposed to circulating virus, our results are probably underestimate the duration of seroprotection in endemic areas. Provided that data become available, a useful extension of this

work would be the estimation of the persistence of JE-CV vaccine-induced antibodies in a paediatric population living in areas where JE is endemic. “
“In Africa the timing of the first dose of measles vaccine at 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl 9 months of age is an uneasy compromise designed to minimize interference from maternal antibody and to provide protection for the maximum number of infants [1]. Unfortunately some children of mothers who have been vaccinated rather than naturally infected with measles lose maternal antibody long before this age. As vaccine coverage has increased more infants have become susceptible to measles at a younger age [2]. Two strategies have been proposed to overcome this problem. Recently expensive mass vaccination campaigns have been deployed to increase coverage and provide an opportunity for two or more doses of measles vaccine.