Even though there are no abnormalities discovered in other organs except colon and rectum, the function of folic acid is needed to be further studied in terms of being effective to therapy. Finally, although some similarities do exist between

chemical rodent models of colon cancer and human natural CRCs, several respects of differs may also exist indeed. For example, the dose and duration of folic acid supplementation used in our study may be different from human studies. So, considering the safety of chemoprevention in clinical application, the optimal MDV3100 mouse researches should be established in humans based on these findings with an initial colonoscopy before incorporated. In summary, for the first time, our data suggest that folic acid supplementary in pre-cancerous era is much more protective than that in post-cancerous stage in a DMH induced mouse model and identify differential genes that folic acid can reversed and that between groups of pre or post-adenoma induced by folic acid using microarray gene expression profile. Not only to the reason that floate supplementation facilitates the progression of (pre)neoplastic lesions though providing nucleotide precursors to the rapidly replicating transformed cells, thus accelerating proliferation [11]. We also clarified that in gene expression profile, certain oncogenes that promote tumor growth, cell cycle, cell invasion such as TNFRSF12A, fibronectin 1, Cdca7 are high

expressed in FA2 group compared to FA3 group while tumor suppressors are down-regulated such as VDR, CDX2, which may partly explain the result. However, the mechanism why folic acid provided selleck chemical in

different phages can change these genes’ expression remains to be studied. Acknowledgements We thank Chen X, Peng Y, Cui Y, Gu W and Zhu H, who made a significant contribution to the performance and successful completion of the study. We also thank KangChen Bio-tech Inc (Shanghai, China) for the excellent microarray services. This work was supported by a grant from the grants from the National Science Found of China (30830055) and the Ministry of Capmatinib cell line Public Health, China (No. 200802094). Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Table S1. Complete list of differentially expressed Edoxaban genes in the DMH group compared with the Control group. the file contains all different genes identified by micro-array between DMH group and Control group. (XLS 9 MB) Additional file 2: Table S2. Complete list of differentially expressed genes in the FA3 group compared with the DMH group. the file contains all different genes identified by micro-array between FA3 group and DMH group. (XLS 4 MB) Additional file 3: Table S3. Complete list of genes whose changes due to DMH treatment could be reversed by folic acid. the file contains all genes that could be reserved by folic acid when treated with DMH (XLS 1 MB) Additional file 4: Table S4. Complete list of differentially expressed genes in FA2 group and FA3 group.