0) All 91 (21) 80 (13) −11 (−23–2) # CHECK: 45–54: n = 4, 55–65: n = 11, All: n = 15; Healthy: 45–54: n = 128, 55–60: n = 55, All: n = 183 * significant at alpha = 0.05 The capacity for ‘lifting low’ was significantly lower in the CHECK men from both age-groups compared to the healthy workers. The other tests showed no significant differences between the subjects with OA and the reference data in the age categories. For the comparisons between the total groups, the differences in the tests lifting low, carrying-2-handed and dynamic bending were significant; the healthy workers lifted and carried more weight and were faster on

dynamic bending. In Table 3, the FCE test results for the female subjects are presented. Table 3 FCE test check details performances of female subjects with early OA (CHECK, n = 78) and female healthy workers (n = 92) FCE test Age category # (years) Early OA mean (SD) Healthy learn more workers mean (SD) Mean difference healthy—early OA (95%CI) Lifting Low (kg) 45–54 19.0 (6.9) 25.7 (8.7) 6.7 (3.3–10.1)* 55–65 15.5 (6.8) 23.6 (7.3) 8.1 (4.5–11.6)* All 17.0 (7.0) 24.8 (8.5) 7.8 (5.3–10.2)* Lifting overhead (kg) 45–54 9.2 (3.8) 11.5 (3.4) 2.3 (0.8–3.8)* 55–65 7.0 (3.1) 10.5 (3.3)

3.5 (1.9–5.1)* All 8.0 (3.6) 11.2 (3.3) 3.2 (2.1–4.2)* Carry 2 hand (kg) 45–54 22.1 (5.6) 28.3 (7.5) 6.2 (3.3–9.0)* 55–65 17.1 (6.4) 26.6 (8.0) Venetoclax cost 9.5 (6.0–13.1)* All 19.3 (6.5) 27.7 (7.7) 8.3 (6.1–10.5)* Overhead work (s) 45–54 163 (67.8) 239 (111) 77 (42–112)* 55–65 157 (79.4) 234 (75) 76 (36–117)* All 160 (74) 233 (103) 73 (45–101)* Dynamic bend (s) 45–54 55 (16.0) 45 (5.6) −10 (−16– − 4)* 55–65 64 (15.2) 46 (7.1) −18 (−24– − 13)* All 60 (16) 45 (6) −15 (−19– − 11)* Rep. side reach (s) 45–54 84 (25.8) 74 (9.1) −10 (−19–0.0)* 55–65 90

(15.5) 78 (10.2) −13 (−19– − 6)* All 87 (21) 75 (9) −12 (−17– − 7)* # CHECK: 45–54: n = 34, 55–65: n = 43, All: n = 77; Healthy: 45–54: n = 68, 55–60: n = 24, All: n = 92 * significant at alpha = 0.05 The female subjects with OA performed significantly lower than the female healthy working subjects on all tests. In both groups, the younger subjects performed higher than the older; the differences were larger in the OA subjects. Functional capacity versus physical job 4-Hydroxytamoxifen demands To assess whether the functional capacity of subjects with early OA was sufficient to meet the physical job demands, the results were compared to the fifth percentile of the results of the healthy workers. In Table 4, these p5 scores are presented, followed by the proportion of subjects with OA that performed below this cut-off value.