This observation applies to several organ systems.”
“BACKGROUND: Disposal of large amounts of recurring industrial waste lignin is a big problem for the paper industries and there is need for a rational alternative to utilize this waste lignin. Thus highly porous selleck compound activated

carbons (ACs) were prepared from lignin using H3PO4 as an activating chemical with and without microwave treatment in a self-generated environment at 600 degrees C and the influence of different types of impregnation on the adsorption-desorption capacities of endosulfan from a liquid phase was studied.

RESULT: The maximum adsorption capacities (X-m) for ACs prepared by a microwave treatment and using a simple impregnation method were 6.2422 mg g(-1) and 3.9557 mg g(-1), respectively. Equilibrium adsorption time determined from kinetic experiments was 5 h and the experimental kinetic data were described by a pseudo-second-order rate model. Surface characteristics and desorption patterns showed considerable difference between the two ACs with the microwave treated AC showing less hysteresis, greater X-m and established overall superiority over the other.

CONCLUSION: Use of microwave treatment produced more oxygen surface functional groups. Results indicate that surface chemistry of the microwave treated sample is more important than the textural properties for the higher adsorption

of endosulfan. The microwave treated sample also resulted in less hysteresis and fewer carbonyl buy Acadesine surface groups. Desorption patterns selleck cannot be predicted from adsorption

alone. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Aquaporin4 (AQP4) has an important role in water homeostasis of human brain and a dysfunction of AQP4 could induce pathological conditions in neuronal activity. The purpose of our work was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in the AQP4 gene with the risk and the clinical features of migraine. A total of 293 migraineurs and 249 controls were involved in the study. They were genotyped for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AQP4 gene. No significant difference in the distribution of AQP4 genotypic and allelic frequencies between cases and controls was found. In addition, haplotype analysis did not show any significant difference. Comparison of the clinical features of the disease according to different AQP4 genotypes showed no significant difference. Our data do not support the hypothesis that the AQP4 gene could represent a genetic susceptibility factor for migraine.”
“BACKGROUND: Enzymatic degumming, the ‘EnzyMax (R) process’, in which a phospholipase (type A(1), A(2) or B) was used to convert nonhydratable phospholipids into their hydratable forms. Compared with conventional methods, enzymatic degumming offers a safe biological route and eco-friendly solution to industrial processes.