The remaining three patients had Klinefelter BLZ945 datasheet syndrome and did not undergo testicular biopsy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of different indexes for discrimination between obstructive and nonobstructive

azoospermia. Cases of obstructive azoospermia were further classified according to obstructive causes.

Results: Seminal tract abnormalities were more common in obstructive (92.2% [59 of 64 patients]) than in nonobstructive (2.8% [one of 36 patients]; P < .001) azoospermia. Testicular volume was significantly larger for obstructive (median, 16.0 mL; range, 8.4-27.5 mL) than for nonobstructive (median, 8.6 mL; range, 0.9-21.0 mL; P < .001) azoospermia. The area under the ROC curve

for discrimination between the groups through combined assessment of the seminal tract and testicular volume at scrotal and transrectal US was 0.96. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for combined assessment in discriminating between obstructive and buy Flavopiridol nonobstructive azoospermia were 95.3% (61 of 64 patients), 97.2% (35 of 36), and 96.0% (96 of 100), respectively.

Conclusion: Scrotal US and transrectal US are effective imaging modalities for distinguishing obstructive from nonobstructive azoospermia and can provide meaningful diagnostic information for determining the etiologic classification of obstructive azoospermia. (C) RSNA, 2010″
“Extensive investigations on industrial multicrystalline silicon solar cells have shown that, for standard 1 Omega cm material, acid-etched texturization, and in absence of strong ohmic shunts, there are three different types of breakdown appearing in different reverse bias ranges. Between -4 and -9 V there is early breakdown (type 1), which is due to Al contamination of the surface. Between -9 and -13 V defect-induced breakdown (type 2) dominates, which is due to metal-containing P005091 clinical trial precipitates lying within recombination-active grain boundaries. Beyond -13 V we may find in addition avalanche breakdown (type 3) at etch pits, which is characterized by a steep slope of the I-V characteristic,

avalanche carrier multiplication by impact ionization, and a negative temperature coefficient of the reverse current. If instead of acid-etching alkaline-etching is used, all these breakdown classes also appear, but their onset voltage is enlarged by several volts. Also for cells made from upgraded metallurgical grade material these classes can be distinguished. However, due to the higher net doping concentration of this material, their onset voltage is considerably reduced here. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3562200]“
“One-dimensional nanostructures of polyaniline (PANI) doped with (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (D-CSA) alone and with NiCl2 as a codopant were synthesized via in situ polymerization. PANI nanofibers with diameters of about 200 nm were formed when PANI was doped with D-CSA only.