The AST can catalyze the amino group transfer between amino acids and the 2-oxo acids, which plays a central role in amino acid metabolism from bacteria to mammals [36]. Our earlier studies revealed that AST is required for the GVE2 infection and that the VP371 is a capsid protein of GVE2 [5, 25]. As evidenced, the chaperone GroEL provides assistance with the folding of nonnative proteins to their native states signaling pathway [9]. In this context, the host GroEL might

play very important roles in bacteriophage infection in high temperature environment through facilitating the correct folding of the host AST and the viral capsid protein VP371. In our study, it was found that the knockout of Geobacillus sp. E263 GroEL led to the

lethality of bacterium (data not shown). To reveal the roles of the AST-GroEL-VP371 interactions in bacteriophage infection, the function of GroEL merited to be CHIR-99021 further investigated in future. The GroEL, which is well investigated in E.coli, can provide assistance to the folding of proteins in an adenosine triphosphate {Selleck Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleck Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleck Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleck Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleckchem Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleckchem Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|buy Anti-infection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library ic50|Anti-infection Compound Library price|Anti-infection Compound Library cost|Anti-infection Compound Library solubility dmso|Anti-infection Compound Library purchase|Anti-infection Compound Library manufacturer|Anti-infection Compound Library research buy|Anti-infection Compound Library order|Anti-infection Compound Library mouse|Anti-infection Compound Library chemical structure|Anti-infection Compound Library mw|Anti-infection Compound Library molecular weight|Anti-infection Compound Library datasheet|Anti-infection Compound Library supplier|Anti-infection Compound Library in vitro|Anti-infection Compound Library cell line|Anti-infection Compound Library concentration|Anti-infection Compound Library nmr|Anti-infection Compound Library in vivo|Anti-infection Compound Library clinical trial|Anti-infection Compound Library cell assay|Anti-infection Compound Library screening|Anti-infection Compound Library high throughput|buy Antiinfection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library ic50|Antiinfection Compound Library price|Antiinfection Compound Library cost|Antiinfection Compound Library solubility dmso|Antiinfection Compound Library purchase|Antiinfection Compound Library manufacturer|Antiinfection Compound Library research buy|Antiinfection Compound Library order|Antiinfection Compound Library chemical structure|Antiinfection Compound Library datasheet|Antiinfection Compound Library supplier|Antiinfection Compound Library in vitro|Antiinfection Compound Library cell line|Antiinfection Compound Library concentration|Antiinfection Compound Library clinical trial|Antiinfection Compound Library cell assay|Antiinfection Compound Library screening|Antiinfection Compound Library high throughput|Anti-infection Compound high throughput screening| (ATP)-dependent manner [7, 8]. With the help of a co-chaperonin GroES and ATP, the nonnative protein binds to the apical domain of GroEL and is then encapsulated within the “cage” chamber to finish its folding [9, 10]. As reported, GroEL is essential for the growth of bacteria at all temperatures [14, HA-1077 in vivo 15]. The GroEL/GroES machine is concerned with the defense strategies of hosts against their bacteriophages [7]. Therefore, the GroEL may be involved in bacteriophage infections. To date, the only case about the interaction between the GroEL and bacteriophage comes from bacteriophage T4. Bacteriophage T4 expresses Gp31, a protein that is uniquely essential for the correct maturation of Gp23, the major T4 capsid protein. The Gp31

protein can substitute for GroES in E. coli to facilitate the bacteriophage infection. In the GroEL/GroES system, Gp31 rather than GroES can ensure the proper folding of Gp23 for unknown reasons [37]. The sequence analysis in our study showed that no homologous protein of Gp31 in the deduced open reading frames (ORFs) of GVE2. The direct interaction between the host GroEL and the viral VP371 protein, therefore, was related to the host GroEL system, which was used by the bacteriophage GVE2 to ensure viral protein synthesis in high temperature environment. The present investigation on thermophilic GroEL provided a clue to understanding the host–virus interaction in the deep-sea vent ecosystems. Conclusions This context revealed the AST-GroEL-VP371 linear complex which was up-regulated in the infection of GVE2.