Samples with Au electrodes exhibited an additional low frequency response with epsilon(eff) similar to 10(4). dc bias experiments showed the capacitance behavior of this additional response to obey the Mott-Schottky law and thus confirm it to be a non-Ohmic electrode contact. We conclude, therefore, that an electrode rather than a grain boundary

effect is the primary source for the high effective permittivity in CuO ceramics, although the latter is also present and does give additional effective permittivity. This work demonstrates how an extrinsic effect associated with non-Ohmic electrode contacts can; (i) dominate the rf capacitance spectra of leaky dielectrics/oxide semiconductors over a wide temperature and frequency range; and, (ii) manifest a dielectric response more typically associated CCI-779 purchase with relaxor-ferroelectrics. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3143014]“
“BACKGROUND Established pigment lasers have been used in partial unilateral lentiginosis (PUL) have shown unsatisfactory results. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness and safety of low-fluence 1,064-nm Q-switched neodymiumdoped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS Nd: YAG) laser treatment of PUL in Koreans.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten Korean patients with facial PUL were treated with 1,064-nm QS Nd: YAG laser, 7-mm spot size, 1.5-to 2.5-J/ cm 2 fluence at 2-week intervals. Standard digital photographs were taken under the same condition at baseline and at each SN-38 ic50 follow-up visit. Independent dermatologists evaluated the photographs. All patients completed a questionnaire to assess their subjective satisfaction with the laser treatment using a 5-point grading system. Degree

of pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (0-10). Any complications and side effects were recorded at each visit. Patients were followed up every 4 weeks for 12 weeks after the last laser treatment. RESULTS Five of 10 patients (50%) had achieved excellent improvement (76-100%) at the end of treatment, and the remaining 50% had good improvement (51-75%). In patient self-evaluation of the degree selleck screening library of improvement of PUL, nine (90%) assessed it as very much to much improved (> 50% improvement), and 1 (10%) assessed it as moderate (50-75%). Subjects rated the pain associated with laser treatment at a mean score of 3.3 (range: 1-5) on a scale of 1 to 10. Mottled hypopigmentation developed in two patients. At follow- up, 12 weeks after the last laser session, all of the patients had partial recurrence, which wqw resolved with one to two sessions of laser treatment. CONCLUSION Low-fluence 1,064-nm QS Nd: YAG laser treatment for facial PUL in Koreans showed improvement with no significant side effects. We recommend the low-fluence 1,064-nm QS Nd: YAG laser as a treatment option for facial PUL.”
“Antimicrobial therapy of Brucella spp.