Interestingly, Lloyd and her colleagues found that posture-related somatosensory activity shifted to ipsilateral regions when participants had Alectinib in vitro their eyes closed. They interpreted this hemispheric shift as suggesting that whereas proprioceptive cues to hand position are sufficient to permit remapping of tactile stimuli to external coordinates

(i.e. coordinates in a frame of reference which is not fixed with respect to anatomical or somatotopic locations), visual cues about the hand bias participants to encode tactile stimuli with respect to an anatomical frame of reference. In Experiment 2, we covered participants’ hands during tactile stimulation and examined whether a similar hemispheric shift in posture effects on somatosensory processing from contralateral to ipsilateral sites can also be observed in SEPs. Twelve adults (five males), aged between 21 and 31 years (mean 26 years), volunteered in Experiment 2 (in which participants had no sight of their hands). None had participated in Experiment 1. All of the participants were right-handed, and had normal or corrected-to-normal vision by self-report. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. HIF inhibitor The stimuli and procedure were the same as in Experiment 1. The only difference was that, in this experiment,

visual information about the hands, the arms and their postures was eliminated by placing a second table-top over the participants’ hands. In addition, the upper arms were covered by a black cloth that was attached to the second table-top (see Fig. 1). The same electrode sites were used as in Experiment 1. As in Experiment 1, we calculated a difference waveform between posture conditions for ERPs contralateral and ipsilateral to the stimulated hand, and employed a Monte Carlo simulation method to establish the precise onset (across successive sample points) of the effects

of remapping on somatosensory processing. ERP mean amplitudes were again computed within successive time-windows. As in Experiment 1, the latencies of individual participants’ peak amplitudes were determined and used to define the appropriate component time windows. These were 45–65 ms for the P45 and 65–105 ms for the N80. Gefitinib In this experiment, no separate component peaks could be distinguished for the P100 and N140. Therefore, a time-window between 105 and 180 ms was chosen to capture this ‘P100–N140 complex’. Again, mean amplitudes were also computed for the time-window between 180 and 400 ms to investigate longer-latency effects. In our analyses of the ERP mean amplitudes, we again focused on the comparison between crossed and uncrossed postures and the hemispheric distribution of this effect, as expressed by a Hemisphere by Posture interaction. The same analytical plan as used in Experiment 1 was not possible in Experiment 2, due to an unpredicted three-way interaction between Hemisphere, Posture and Electrode Site on the P100–N140 complex.