g., ��It scares me when my heart beats rapidly��; Taylor et al., 2007). ASI-III items were derived from the ASI (Reiss, Peterson, Gursky, & McNally, 1986) and the ASI-Revised (ASI-R; Taylor & Cox, 1998). ASI-III and its subscales demonstrated strong and improved reliability and factorial validity relative to previous measures of the selleck compound construct as well as convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related (known-group) validity (Taylor et al., 2007). In the present investigation, the total (global) score was utilized as a primary predictor variable (Cronbach��s �� = .93 in the present sample). Smoking Consequences Questionnaire The Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ; Brandon & Baker, 1991) is a 50-item self-report measure that assesses smoking expectancies on a 10-point scale for likelihood of occurrence (0 = completely unlikely to 9 = completely likely).

The entire measure and its constituent factors have demonstrated sound psychometric properties (Brandon & Baker, 1991; Buckley et al., 2005; Downey & Kilbey, 1995). In the present investigation, only the negative reinforcement/negative affect reduction subscale (SCQ-NR; e.g., ����Smoking helps me calm down when I feel nervous����) of the SCQ was used (Cronbach��s �� = .93 in the present sample). Reasons for Smoking The reasons for smoking (RFS; Ikard et al., 1969) is a self-report measure consisting of 23 items, rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = never to 5 = always), used to assess smoking motives. The psychometric properties of this scale, including measures of factor structure, internal consistency, and test�Cretest reliability, have been well established (Shiffman, 1993).

In the present investigation, the addictive (RFS-AD; e.g., ����Between cigarettes, I get a craving only a cigarette can satisfy����) and negative affect reduction (RFS-NA; e.g., ����When I feel uncomfortable or upset about something, I light up a cigarette����) subscales were used owing to their theoretical relevance to the study objectives (Cronbach��s �� = .77 and .88, respectively). Barriers to Cessation Scale The Barriers to Cessation Scale (BCS; Macnee & Talsma, 1995a) was used to assess barriers, or specific stressors, associated with smoking cessation. The BCS is a 19-item measure on which respondents indicate, on a 4-point Likert-type scale (0 = not a barrier or not applicable to 3 = large barrier), the extent to which they identify with each of the listed barriers to cessation (e.

g., ��Fear of failing to quit��). The BCS has been found to have good internal consistency regarding the total score as Batimastat well as the three subscales (i.e., addictive barriers, external barriers, and internal barriers; Macnee & Talsma, 1995a). The BCS also has evidenced good content and predictive validity (Macnee & Talsma, 1995a). As in past work (Macnee & Talsma, 1995b), we used the total BCS score in the present investigation (Cronbach��s �� = .