For IL-2, significant higher levels were induced in mice immunized with rPrn, rFim2 or rFim3 when compared to the control mice (P < 0.05 for all three proteins). For TNF-α, significant higher level was only observed in mice immunized with rPrn EX 527 clinical trial (P = 0.037), but not in those with rFim2 or rFim3. The IL-4 induction was not found in all groups of mice (Figure 3). Figure 3 Cytokine responses in immunized and control mice. Two weeks after the second immunization, blood samples were collected from five mice from each group. The cytokines were

determined by ELISA and are expressed as pg/mL sera. Results are the mean responses for five mice per group. An asterisk symbol (*) indicates a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between immunized and control group. Intranasal challenge

with B. pertussis Seven days after the intranasal challenge with B. pertussis, the bacterial loads were significantly lower in the lungs of mice immunized with high or low doses of rPrn, compared selleckchem to those observed in the control mice (P = 0.021 and P = 0.039). For the mice immunized with rFim2 or rFim3, no significant difference was observed in the bacterial loads in the lungs compared to the control mice (Figure 4). Figure 4 Protection against intranasal challenge with B. pertussis. Two weeks after the second immunization, the mice were challenged intranasally with B. pertussis 18323, and CFU counts were performed on individual lung homogenate. Results are mean viable B. pertussis counts from five mice per group. An asterisk symbol (*) indicates a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between immunized and control group. Intracerebral challenge with B. pertussis Two weeks after the intracerebral challenge with a lethal dose of B. pertussis, none of

the mice in the control group MK5108 purchase survived (Figure 5). In contrast, a dose-dependent protection was observed in mice immunized with different doses of the reference vaccine. For the mice immunized with rPrn, some protection against the lethal dose of intercerebral challenge was noticed when compared to the control mice (P = 0.005). The level of this protection provided from immunization with rPrn was clearly higher than that from the immunization Dynein with 0.02 IU of reference vaccine (P = 0.027). The result suggested that immunization with rPrn alone can confer partial protection against a lethal intracerebral B. pertussis challenge. Such intracerebral challenge assays were also performed in the groups immunized with different doses of rFim2 and rFim3. However, no significant protection was observed as none of mice were survived in the groups immunized with 20 μg dose of rFim2 and 4 μg dose of rFim3 and a few (less than three) survival mice in other dose groups. Figure 5 Protection against intracerebral challenge with B. pertussis.