Clin Microbiol Infect 2006, 12:1042–1045 CrossRefPubMed 20 Carro

Clin Microbiol Infect 2006, 12:1042–1045.CrossRefPubMed 20. Carroll NM, Richardson M, van Helden PD: Criteria for identification of cross-contamination of cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in routine microbiology laboratories. J Clin Microbiol 2003, 41:2269–2270.CrossRefPubMed 21. Fitzpatrick L, Braden C, Cronin W, English J, Campbell E, Valway S, Onorato I: Investigation BB-94 concentration of Laboratory cross-contamination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 38:e52-e54.CrossRefPubMed 22. Loiez C, Willery E, Legrand JL, Vincent V, Gutierrez

MC, Courcol RJ, Supply P: Against all odds: learn more molecular confirmation of an implausible case of bone tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 42:e86-e88.CrossRefPubMed 23. Djelouagji Z, Drancourt M: Inactivation of cultured Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms prior to

DNA extraction. J Clin Microbiol 2006, 44:1594–1595.CrossRefPubMed 24. Pfyffer GE, Funke-Kissling P, Rundler E, Weber R: Performance characteristics of the BDProbeTec system Tozasertib chemical structure for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37:137–140.PubMed Competing interests The authors declare that they are the inventors of a protective patent on this matter deposited by the Mediterranée University, Marseilles, France. Authors’ contributions DZ performed the described experiments, analysed the results and wrote the manuscript. JO performed the epidemiological investigation. MD analysed the results and contributed to drafting of the manuscript.”
“Background Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria is a significant clinical problem in the community, long-term care, and hospital settings [1–3]. In the common Gram-negative bacteria that are responsible for most clinical infections, β-lactam resistance results from production of penicillinases (predominantly the β-lactamases designated TEM-1 and SHV-1), cephalosporinases

(e.g., extended-spectrum β-lactamases, ESBL, of TEM-, SHV- and CTX-M-types), and Florfenicol the chromosomally or plasmid encoded AmpC enzymes [1]. Hence, an aggressive search for novel therapeutic agents and rapid, accurate detection methods is necessary. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based techniques (such as multiplex PCR, real time PCR, DNA microarrays) and DNA-DNA hybridization have been used with success to detect bla genes in Gram-negative bacilli [4–10]. Most recently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using rRNA oligonucleotides has also been employed to detect β-lactamase genes [11, 12]. Unfortunately, not all clinical microbiology laboratories can perform the above molecular techniques. Even if available, these methodologies are not routinely used to study clinical samples because they are expensive and time consuming.

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