Additionally, depletion and adoption of Tregs had an influence on the neurological function, for better or for worse in rodent models.However, current lines of evidence are faced with high heterogeneities in both methodology and results, and current opinions have not reached dilution calculator a consensus about whether Tregs are beneficial or detrimental in cerebral ischemic injury, implicating that investigation on this topic still lies in its infancy [53]. Infarct size in murine models, method of Treg depletion, timing, cell concentration, Tregs delivery, and observation period might intervene with the results. With the purpose to settle the contradiction, further attempt would be devoted to the clarification of the exact role of Tregs as well as the exploration of a rationale for the inconstant experimental outcome via identification of potential interfering factors and establishment of standard models.

Furthermore, Tregs have an innovative direction for clinical application in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Li et al. [51] suggested a promising therapeutic approach of post-stroke Treg delivery, although both its safety and efficacy required further elaboration. Additionally, the advantage of a protective effect was disputed by Kleinschnitz et al. [50], indicating that before the translation into clinical application, the controversy over an exact role of Tregs should be settled, as well as a defined timing and concentration of delivery. Future studies also will address whether the modulation of Treg cells after stroke would lead to poststroke immunodeficiency and make subjects vulnerable to secondary infection, a concern in previous clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies in stroke [12].

Finally, the physiological differences between murine and human should be taken into careful consideration before making clinical interpretations. In conclusion, we need to know more to elaborate the functional role of Tregs, to understand how to regulate the immune system, and to improve outcome after stroke.Conflict of InterestsThe authors declare no conflict of interests. AcknowledgmentsThis study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (31200817, 81220108008, and 31171016) and Jiangsu Province’s Key Medical Center.
Up to present, diverse WSD methods have been proposed. These methods are overviewed as machine learning (includes supervised and unsupervised) and external knowledge sources.

Generally speaking, these methods have the potential bottleneck and limitation. However, almost all the methods, without exception, depend on the context in which the ambiguous word occurs. Moreover, the context size of the target word is too small to convey enough meaning for being disambiguated at a fine-grained level. More contexts which may not be necessarily helpful, AV-951 on the contrary, will increase computational complexity.