“
“Recently, licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., GU) has demonstrated significant in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties. In this study, it was tested that a daily regimen of supplementation with water extract of GU would ameliorate oxidative stress and whether effects were modulated by the glutathion-S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms. Forty healthy male smokers aged 20-60 were divided evenly into 2 groups Proteasome assay and given

either 260 mL of GU extracted with hot water or 260 mL of oligosaccharide based placebo every day for 8 weeks without any change of usual food intake, and blood samples were drawn before and after the intervention. Eight weeks of GU supplementation significantly decreased plasma conjugated dienes (a maker for lipid peroxidation) in GSTM1 positive subjects, but not in the GSTM1 null genotype group. Our finding suggests check details that consumption of licorice water extract might

be effectively decreasing lipid peroxidation in the subgroup of smokers who have GSTM1 gene.”
“Objective. This analysis, carried out in the context of a wider observational prospective study, tried to explore whether four World Health Organization/step-III opioids (morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, and buprenorphine) had different effectiveness when using several different outcomes and endpoints. Design. Cross-sectional selleck chemical and longitudinal design. Setting. Oncologic, palliative, and pain centers in Italy. Patients. Two hundred fifty-eight cancer patients monitored over a 3-week follow-up program. Intervention. Not applicable. Outcome Measures. The analgesic efficacy was assessed using effectiveness endpoints, such as pain intensity, pain intensity difference (PID), proportion

of nonresponders (NR) and full-responders (FR) subjects, percentage of switches and dose escalation. Results. Mean values of PID led to differences among opioids ranging from 10% to 30%. FR (PID = 30%) were more frequent in buprenorphine-fentanyl-oxycodone groups than in morphine; NR (PID = 0%) were variable. The percentage of switches resulted three times more frequent when using morphine than buprenorphine (24.4% vs 8.6%). An increase of dose =5% a day was observed in 33.3% of fentanyl patients vs 15% of buprenorphine. As a whole, opioids show some different behaviors on the basis of the considered endpoints. Conclusions. The observed results, even if the small sample size and the nature itself of the study do not allow a definitive evaluation of the effectiveness of the drugs, underline a degree of variability among opioids and address toward a correct planning of a comparative randomized clinical trial that is now underway in Italy. For this reason, a confirmative effectiveness randomized controlled trial is required.