58, P < 0.0001, CI 1.66 to 4.02) compared to no SP; and having primitive (OR 2.53, P = 0.010, CI 1.25 to 5.10), classic (OR 2.52, P < 0.0001, CI 1.54 to 4.13) and burnt selleck chem Temsirolimus out SP (OR 2.77, P = 0.014, CI 1.22 to 6.27) compared to no SP, when evaluated against non ??4 carriers (see Table ?Table3).3). Results showed similar trends when the cohort was split by gender (data not shown). Table 3 Association of senile plaque type with APOE, CLU, CR1 and PICALM genotypes APOE??4 carriers, compared to ??3-??3 carriers, were significantly associated with an increased risk of having SP in all age groups except the youngest and oldest (Figure ?(Figure1).1). There was a trend of age-related increases in SP, especially of the neuritic type, across all studied genotypes.

The APOE??2 carrier group was too small to investigate supposed protective effects, although previously published results suggest tendencies towards protection [16]. In APOE??4 adjusted analyses, 80+ year old carriers of the rare TT genotype of PICALM had a significantly lower incidence of SP compared to the common CC carriers (OR 0.18, P = 0.025, CI 0.04 to 0.81) (see Figure ?Figure1).1). This association was not seen among younger age groups. There were no significant associations between genotypes of CLU and CR1 and SP prevalence. Figure 1 Senile plaque prevalence by age and genotype (APOE, CLU, CR1 and PICALM). CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. Grouping the rare homozygote and heterozygotes versus the common homozygotes for the SNPs uncovered statistically significant associations between the T allele of PICALM and SP (OR 0.

62, P = 0.028, CI 0.41 to 0.95, versus CC genotype). When we divided the SP into diffuse, primitive, classic and burnt out phenotypes (to investigate the particular phases of the SP life cycle), we found that the rare C allele of CLU was significantly associated with the presence of late stage SP Cilengitide (OR 4.4, P = 0.004, CI 1.61 to 12.2) compared to the common TT genotype (Table ?(Table3).3). In that setting, the statistically significant association of the PICALM T allele was lost. APOE, CLU, CR1 and PICALM associations with SP frequency When analyses were performed with SP frequency as the dependent variable, APOE??4 carriership was again found to be highly significantly associated with selleckbio increasing SP coverage, compared to ??3-??3 carriers (see Table ?Table4).4). PICALM TC genotypes (versus CC genotype) were significantly less likely to have moderate SP compared to no SP (OR 0.42, P = 0.012, CI 0.21 to 0.83), whilst CR1 CC genotype carriers (compared to AA genotype) were more likely to have sparse SP than no SP (OR 2.1, P = 0.048, CI 1.01 to 4.43).