5%) from clear cell renal carcinoma. The cause of death could not be determined
in 2 cases (2.8%). Survival analysis revealed significant differences in overall survival click here according to stage (p <0.001) and Charlson index (p = 0.02), between localized stages and locally advanced or metastatic stages (p <0.001) and between patients with a Charlson index of 2 or less vs greater than 2 (p <0.001), particularly in those with local stage (p <0.001) but not in those with locally advanced or metastatic stage (p >0.05). In the logistical regression model tumor stage and the comorbidity index were prognostic factors after 1 year (B exponential 2.4 and 1.3, respectively, p <0.05), after 5 years (B exponential 1.6 and 1.3, p <0.05) and after 10 years (B exponential 1.5 and 1.4, respectively, p <0.05). The first was of greatest importance for short-term survival.
Conclusions: Patients with localized clear cell renal carcinoma and a comorbidity index of greater than 2 may choose observation as treatment for the condition.”
“Tissue levels of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) have been determined in 16 regions and nuclei www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD8931.html from human brains, using liquid chromatography/ in-line mass spectrometry. Measurements in brain samples stored at – 80 degrees C for 2 months to 13 years indicated that endocannabinoids were stable
under such conditions. In contrast, the postmortal delay had a strong effect on brain endocannabinoid levels, as documented in brain samples microdissected and frozen 1 – 6 h postmortem, and in neurosurgical samples 0, 5, 30, 60, 180 and 360 min after their removal from the brain. The tissue levels
of AEA increased continuously and in a region-dependent manner from 1 ARS-1620 cell line h after death, increasing about sevenfold by 6 h postmortem. In contrast, concentrations of 2-AG, which were 10 – 100 times higher in human brain regions than those of AEA, rapidly declined: within the first hour, 2-AG levels dropped to 25 – 35% of the initial (’0 min’) value, thereafter they remained relatively stable. As analyzed in samples removed 1 – 1.5 h postmortem, AEA levels ranged from a high of 96.3 fmol/mg tissue in the nucleus accumbens to a low of 25.0 fmol/mg in the cerebellum. 2-AG levels varied eightfold, from 8.6 pmol/mg in the lateral hypothalamus to 1.1 pmol/mg in the nucleus accumbens. Relative levels of AEA and 2-AG varied from region to region, with the 2-AG:AEA ratio being high in the sensory spinal trigeminal nucleus (140:1), the spinal dorsal horn (136:1) and the lateral hypothalamus (98:1) and low in the nucleus accumbens (16:1) and the striatum (31:1). The results highlight the pitfall of analyzing endocannabinoid content in brain samples of variable postmortal delay, and document differential distribution of the two main endocannabinoids in the human brain. (c) 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.