2001, Nausch et al. 2004, Degerholm et al. 2006). The increase in the C: P ratio of cyanobacteria (up to 420) strongly influences the carbon cycle. To take into proper account the changes in the elemental composition of cyanobacteria,

the model was complemented with variable C : P and N : P ratios for cyanobacteria, detritus and sediment detritus. Thus, the C, N and P components of cyanobacteria, detritus and sediment detritus were treated as independent variables. The derived selleck chemical equations are similar to those in the ‘base’ model ((17), (18) and (19), (24), (25), (26), (27), (28) and (29)). The parameters of the empirical model for such processes as the mineralization of detritus and sediment detritus, the sedimentation of detritus and cyanobacteria, as well as the mortality of cyanobacteria were assumed to be the same as in the ‘base’ version of the model. The exception was the cyanobacterial

uptake of the nutrients N and C. Thus, in the cyanobacteria equations, the growth term (nitrogen fixation term) was modified and the functions fC(PO4) and fN(PO4) ( eqs. (20), (21)) were added to increase the C : P and N : P ratios of cyanobacteria. AG-014699 in vitro These functions control the uptake dynamics and increase C : P and N : P ratios in the case of a low PO4 concentration. The functions were applied in such a way that the modelled C : P and N : P ratios of cyanobacteria matched the maximum according to data from Larsson et al. (2001). This approach was introduced by Kuznetsov et al. (2008). On the basis of two independent approaches, continuous records of pCO2 and data click here for the concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, Schneider et al. (2009a) provided a possibility for ‘cold fixation’ during spring in the central

Baltic Sea. To account for this hypothesis, we added an additional cyanobacteria group, similar to the ‘base’ cyanobacteria group, to the model (eq. (22)). In contrast to the ‘base’ cyanobacteria group, the growth rate of the new cyanobacteria group (Cyaadd) is not limited by temperature but is strongly phosphate-limited ( Table 4, see Appendix page 769). The elemental ratio in this group is constant (Redfield). Cyaadd reaches maximum abundance in late spring, when the phosphorus concentration is still high. Thus, a dynamic C : N : P ratio for this cyanobacteria group that, as with the ‘base’ cyanobacteria, is dependent on the phosphorous concentration was not included. The effect of lateral nutrient transport was parameterized as the surface flux. The surface fluxes of nutrients were calibrated in such a way that for the mixed surface layer nutrient concentrations in winter were close to the observations. The constant surface fluxes employed by Burchard et al. (2006) were replaced by time-dependent fluxes (eq. (34)).