Low risk tumors could be further divided into 2 groups with different outcomes based on a size cutoff of 7 cm. Our classification was a significant predictor of
survival on multivariate analysis as well as M stage, N stage, Fuhrman grade check details and tumor size.
Conclusions: We confirm that the prognostic usefulness of the current 2002 TNM system for pT3 renal cell carcinoma is limited. We have identified 4 groups of tumors with distinct patterns of invasion and significantly different survival probabilities in this category. Large prospective series are needed to validate these findings.”
“The present study was conducted to examine the role of phospholipase A(2) and prostaglandins in Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus; MBT) venom-induced augmentation of cardiopulmonary reflexes elicited by phenyldiguanide (PDG). Trachea, femoral artery and jugular vein were cannulated in urethane anesthetized adult albino rats. The effect of jugular venous injection of PDG on ECG, BP and respiratory activity were recorded. Injection of PDG (10 mu g/kg) evoked tachypnea/apnea, bradycardia and hypotension lasting for 60 s. After injecting MBT venom (100 mu g/kg) for 30 min, the PDG evoked reflex responses were augmented by two times and increased the pulmonary water content in envenomed animals, significantly.
The venom-induced augmentation of PDG reflex and the increase in pulmonary water content were blocked in animals pretreated with B-2 kinin receptor antagonist (Hoe 140; 2.32 mu g/kg). These responses induced by venom were also blocked by a phospholipase A(2) antagonist www.selleckchem.com/products/bmn-673.html (PACOCF(3); 1 mg/kg) and a prostaglandin synthase inhibitor (indomethacin; 10 mg/kg). The observations Liothyronine Sodium indicate that the venom-induced responses (augmentation of PDG reflex response and increased pulmonary water content) involve PLA(2)-prostaglandin pathway that is triggered by B-2 kinin receptors to sensitize the receptors located on the vagal C-fibres. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has been accepted as the preferred management for low stage renal
masses not amenable to partial nephrectomy. Early in the mid 1990s several studies suggested that obesity should be a relative contraindication to laparoscopy. We present our surgical outcomes and complications in patients undergoing open and laparoscopic nephrectomy, stratified by body mass index.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified 88 patients, of whom 43 underwent open nephrectomy and 45 were treated laparoscopically. All patients were stratified by body mass index to compare multiple perioperative end points and pathological outcomes of laparoscopy.
Results: Overall our data showed that compared to open nephrectomy laparoscopic nephrectomy resulted in statistically significant lower estimated blood loss (147.95 vs 640.48 cc, p < 0.0002), operative time (156.