The hydrodistillation (HD) was used as a complementary technique for the elucidation of possible misinterpretations as a result of processes that may promote artifact formation ( Schossler, Schneider,

Wunsch, Soares, & Zini, 2009). The volatile oil composition of fruits and leaves from M. indica var. coquinho has been reported previously, but analysed only through one method of extraction, the HD and at one stage of maturation ( Helena et al., 2000 and Torres et al., 2007). Simionatto, Peres, Hess, Silva, and Chagas (2010) Sorafenib research buy found for the first time an interesting anticancer activity in the leaf oil of M. indica var. coquinho, suggesting the presence of very active sesquiterpenes. In this context, the aim of the present work is to compare the volatile oil composition of fruits and leaves collected during different periods of vegetation. The results show the differences and similarities obtained by two extraction

techniques, the hydrodistillation and HS-SPME. Budziak et al., 2007a and Budziak et al., 2008 reported the preparation and application of two new fibres used in HS-SPME technique, the NiTi-ZrO2 and NiTi-ZrO2-PDMS which have as main characteristics thermal stability and excellent sensitivity. They were successfully applied in the extraction of some analytes ( Budziak, Martendal, & Carasek, 2007b) and here are evaluated on the extraction BMN 673 of essential oils. The parameters of HS-SPME technique were optimised to improve analysis efficiency. The leaves and fruits of M. indica var. coquinho were collected in September 2008 (immature period) and February 2009 (mature period), from the biological reserve of Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the town of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Voucher specimens (20206) were collected at the Herbarium of Federal University

of Mato Grosso do Sul. Geographic coordinates of the biological reserve of UFMS are 30° 10′ 47″ S and 51° 23′ 33″ W. Leaves and fruits were sampled of the same bush in the two seasons. After collected, the samples were immediately fractioned in two parts and submitted to hydrodistillation selleck kinase inhibitor and HS-SPME. Fresh leaves (200 g) and fruits (150 g) were subjected to hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger apparatus for 4 h, followed by exhaustive extraction of the distillate with hexane. Anhydrous sodium sulphate, previously heated to 400 °C, was employed to eliminate essential oil humidity. After removal of the solvent, the average yield of the crude oils was 0.12%. The experiments were performed using a SPME holder and fibre assemblies for manual sampling (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA). Three different fibres were evaluated for the extraction of the essential oil as follows: commercial fibre of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, 100 μm) and the two new fibres, NiTi-ZrO2 (1.