In this study, the interfacial morphological development during fusion bonding of supercooled
PET in the temperature window between T-g and T-m was studied. A unique double-zone interfacial morphology was observed at the bond. Transcrystals HKI-272 in vivo were found to nucleate at the interface and grow inward toward the bulk and appeared to induce nucleation in the bulk to form a second interfacial region. The size and morphology of the two zones were found to be significantly affected by the fusion bonding conditions, particularly the fusion temperature. The fusion bonding strength determined by the peeling test was found to be significantly affected by the state of crystallization and the morphological development at the bonding interface. Based on the interfacial morphology observed and the bonding strength measured, a fusion bonding
mechanism of crystallizable amorphous polymer was proposed. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 3101-3112, 2011″
“Background Although numerous studies have assessed subjective effects of nitrous oxide few studies have analyzed for sex differences Since sex differences have been reported in subjective effects of several drugs such as opioids nicotine and alcohol we sought to determine if sex modulates the subjective effects of the inhalant nitrous oxide in healthy volunteers
Methods Thirty-eight females and seventy-two males from nine studies that were conducted in our laboratory were included in this retrospective Selleckchem BI2536 analysis All experimental studies utilized randomized placebo-controlled repeated measures designs in which subjects Inhaled 30% nitrous oxide in oxygen and 100% oxygen (placebo) Dependent measures in this analysis were subjective effects measured at baseline and 15 min into the inhalation period
Results Nitrous oxide produced a number of subjective effects including those that could be considered abuse liability-related ( elated having pleasant thoughts drug liking) but sex did
not modulate these effects
Conclusions Females and males showed similar subjective responses to 30% nitrous oxide Future prospective studies might assess other concentrations other measures (choice analgesic response) and other inhaled general anesthetics to more comprehensively this website characterize the role of sex in response to inhalants (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved”
“Mutators are clones whose mutation rate is about two to three orders of magnitude higher than the rate of wild-type clones and their roles in adaptive evolution of asexual populations have been controversial. Here we address this problem by using an ab initio microscopic model of living cells, which combines population genetics with a physically realistic presentation of protein stability and protein-protein interactions.