CrossRef 42. Frolkis A, Dieleman LA, Barkema H, Panaccione R, Ghosh S, Fedorak RN, Madsen K, Kaplan GG: Environment and the inflammatory bowel diseases. Can J Selleck Combretastatin A4 Gastroenterol

= J Can Gastroenterologie 2013,27(3):e18-e24. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interest. Authors’ contributions Chiu YH and Lin MY conceived and designed the experiments. Tsai CC and Huang CT performed the experiments. Lu YC, Ou CC and Lin SL analyzed the data and performed the computational analysis, producing the figures and tables. Chiu YH drafted the manuscript and Lin MY revised it. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“selleckchem Background Quorum sensing has become an important aspect of microbiological research in the last 30 years. An N-acetylated homoserine lactone (AHL) based quorum sensing system was first discovered in Vibrio fischeri[1]. V. fischeri can either live freely in the ocean NF-��B inhibitor or undergo commensalistic relationships with deep sea fish, where they populate light organs at high population densities. Only at appropriate population densities is luminescence production triggered by the Lux quorum sensor system. It consists of an AHL synthase, LuxI, which is responsible for the formation of the autoinducer 3-oxo-C6-HSL. This autoinducer

binds to the response regulator, LuxR, which then binds to a specific DNA motif called the

Lux box. The AHL-LuxR-DNA binding results in the regulation of expression of the lux genes responsible for luminescence. Additionally, the AHL-LuxR complex also enhances the expression of luxI, leading to the increased rate of AHL production. AHLs are typically produced at a constitutive rate at population densities below the ‘quorate’. In this way, the AHL concentration is kept in proportion ADP ribosylation factor to the population density. When the AHL concentration reaches a threshold, LuxR becomes active and increases the expression of luxI and thus AHL production. At that point, quorum sensing regulation begins [2, 3]. Rhodospirillum rubrum is an anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium which has served as a model organism for cellular redox studies during the last decades e.g. [4–7]. These bacteria are of special interest for biotechnological applications, as they are the only known species of its kind which produces maximum amounts of intracytoplasmic photosynthetic membranes (PM) under microaerobic conditions in darkness when grown with succinate and fructose (M2SF) as carbon sources [4, 5]. Using this light-independent cultivation system for the industrial production of PM could highly simplify the biotechnological synthesis of a number of interesting compounds, which associates the formation of PM, such as pigments, vitamins and coenzymes [6, 7]. In this context Sasikala et al.