Thus, the relationship of myocardial segmental change and regional volume change could provide insight into intraventricular dyssynchrony in patients with LV systolic dysfunction.”
“Human immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome

commonly referred to as HIV/AIDS which have emerged as being the most serious and challenging public health problems in the world. Zidovudine-Lamivudine nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion polymerization in a continous aqueous phase with different polymers PXD101 manufacturer ply(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA (50:50), Poly(lactic acid) PLA, Poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA, Methylmethacrylate-Sulfopropylmethacrylate (MMA-SPM).\n\nThe particle size and the surface morphology results revealed that PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were smooth spherical with a size ranging from https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sn-38.html 58-224 nm. The drug content in lyophilized PLGAs was found to be 51.67% (Zidovudine) 58.33% (Lamivudine) and no drug loss was found after storage for 1 month at room temperature. In vitro release studies revealed that the rate of drug of drug release from PLGA NPs was 95.38% in 10 h with zidovudine, and 97.37% in 10 h with lamivudine which was slower when compared to MMA-SPM, PLA and PMM NPs. The rate of drug release from MMA-SPM NPs was 64.33% in 10 h with zidovudine and 95.43% in 10 h with lamivudine. Acute toxicity studies in mice revealed that

the dose administered does not induce mortality in test animal.”
“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. However, there is not much known about the morphological changes in the STN. The red nucleus (RN) has many connections with the motor coordinating pathways although it is not primarily involved in the pathogenesis. In this

study we aimed to compare the volumes of the STN and RN measured by magnetic resonance imaging in PD patients and controls to investigate how these structures are affected at the morphological level. Twenty patients with PD and twenty age/sex matched controls were enrolled in this study. Severity score was determined by Hoehn & Yahr staging: 6 at stage II and 14 at stage III in med-off state. Imaging was performed find more by a 1.5 Tesla (T) MR scanner. Measurements of total brain and normalized STN and RN volumes were performed by manual planimetry using Image J software. No statistically significant differences were observed between two groups based on age or gender and disease stage and nuclei volumes. The total estimated brain volumes were not different between PD patients and controls. However, normalized volumes of the STN and RN were 14% and 16% larger, respectively, in PD patients compared to the controls (p smaller than 0.05). Our findings suggest that the volumes of the STN and RN are increased in patients with PD.

\n\nPatients and Methods Patients with refractory metastatic cancer had tissue samples submitted for MP in two formats including formalin-fixed tissue for immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization assays

and immediately frozen tissue for oligonucleotide microarray (MA) gene expression assays (all performed in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments [CLIA] -certified laboratory). The MP approach was deemed of clinical benefit for the individual patient who had a PFS ratio (PFS on MP-selected therapy/PFS on prior therapy) of >= 1.3.\n\nResults In 86 patients who had MP attempted, there was a molecular target detected in 84 (98%). Sixty-six of VRT752271 the 84 patients were treated according to MP results. Eighteen (27%) of 66 patients had a PFS ratio of >= 1.3 (95% Cl, 17% to 38%; one-sided, one-sample P = .007). Therefore, the null hypothesis (that <= 15% of this patient population would have a PFS ratio of >= 1.3) was rejected.\n\nConclusion It is possible to identify molecular

targets in patients’ tumors from nine different centers across the United States. In 27% of patients, the MP approach resulted in a longer PFS on an MP-suggested regimen than on the I BET 762 regimen on which the patient had just experienced progression. Issues to be considered in interpretation of this study include limited prior experience with patients as their own controls as a study end point and overall patient attrition. J Clin Oncol 28:4877-4883. (c) 2010 by American Society of Clinical Oncology”
“Object. The authors retrospectively analyzed and compared seizure

outcome in a series of 28 patients with temporomesial glioneuronal tumors associated with epilepsy who underwent 1 of 2 different epilepsy surgery procedures: lesionectomy or tailored resection.\n\nMethods. The 28 patients were divided into 2 groups, with 14 cases in each group. In Group A, surgery was limited to the tumor (lesionectomy), whereas Group B patients underwent tailored CH5183284 concentration resection involving removal of the tumor and the epileptogenic zone as identified by a neurophysiological noninvasive presurgical study.\n\nResults. In Group A (10 male and 4 female patients) the interval between onset of seizures and surgery ranged from 1 to 33 years (mean 10.6 years). Patients’ ages ranged from 3 to 61 years (mean 23.1 years). The epileptogenic lesion was on the left side in 6 patients and the right in 8 patients. Mean follow-up was 9.8 years (range 6.5-15 years). The Engel classification system, used to determine postoperative seizure outcome, showed 6 patients (42.8%) were Engel Class I and 8 (57.1%) were Engel Class II. In Group B (6 male and 8 female patients) the interval between onset of seizures and surgery ranged from 0.5 to 25 years (mean 8.6 years). Patients’ ages ranged from 3 to 48 years (mean 22.3 years).

1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and K-max = 23 MPa root m using a two-parameters approach (Delta K, K-max and alpha in Kujawski’s model) and crack closure model (using Elber’s K-op, and in Donald’s ACRn2 approaches). The K-op and ACRn2 were experimentally measured on a single edge tension specimens. The K-op measurements were performed using a modified method and based on ASTM standards. While the two driving force approaches correlate data well in the Paris region, they fail to correlate them in the threshold region. However, this correlation can be improved in the threshold region when

a different ACY-738 supplier alpha value from the Paris region is used. The authors indicated that two different mechanisms operate; one in the Paris region and another in the near threshold. Hence, they proposed to combine the two-parameter

and crack closure approaches where Delta K is replaced by Delta K-eff (estimated by a new method proposed in this paper), which is shown to correlate the FCGR data for different stress ratios for annealed steel. The correlation for cold rolled condition shows improvement with the new approach but is not as good as for the annealed learn more one. The author further suggests to modify K-max in the two-parameter approach. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. D beta H enters the plasma after vesicular release from sympathetic neurons and the adrenal medulla. Plasma D beta H activity (pD beta H) varies widely among individuals, and genetic inheritance regulates that variation. Linkage studies suggested strong linkage BV-6 concentration of pD beta H to ABO on 9q34, and positive evidence for linkage to the complement fixation locus on 19p13.2-13.3. Subsequent association studies strongly supported DBH, which maps adjacent to ABO, as the

locus regulating a large proportion of the heritable variation in pD beta H. Prior studies have suggested that variation in pD beta H, or genetic variants at D beta H, associate with differences in expression of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and other idiopathic or drug-induced brain disorders, suggesting that DBH might be a genetic modifier of psychotic symptoms. As a first step toward investigating that hypothesis, we performed linkage analysis on pD beta H in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives. The results strongly confirm linkage of markers at DBH to pD beta H under several models (maximum multipoint LOD score, 6.33), but find no evidence to support linkage anywhere on chromosome 19. Accounting for the contributions to the linkage signal of three SNPs at DBH, rs1611115, rs1611122, and rs6271 reduced but did not eliminate the linkage peak, whereas accounting for all SNPs near DBH eliminated the signal entirely. Analysis of markers genome-wide uncovered positive evidence for linkage between markers at chromosome 20p12 (multi-point LOD = 3.1 at 27.2 cM).

01). On filling material remnants and the degree of dentin ablation, these parameters were not significantly different among the three energy outputs. In conclusion, these results suggested that Er:YAG laser irradiation is capable of removing root canal filling materials.”
“1 Wireworms are the polyphagous larvae of click beetles and

are well known as agricultural pests. Larvae of the genus Agriotes are internationally recognized as economically important pests of potato. Historically associated with crop damage after conversion of grassland, they are an increasing problem even in all-arable rotations.\n\n2 Current studies of Agriotes ecology and behaviour, and consequently control and management, are seriously hampered by the lack of a means of reliably identifying larvae owing to morphological crypsis during this life-stage.\n\n3 Here, sequence data at the mitochondrial 16SrRNA gene are presented for three species EVP4593 of wireworm: Agriotes obscurus, A. lineatus, and A. sputator. A novel terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique is described that PR-171 nmr identifies

larvae of these species. This technique is shown to be both efficient and reliable. Interestingly, thus far the samples tested have yielded no A. lineatus. Implications for future study of wireworm ecology and control are discussed.”
“With the use of in vitro methods and cell lines, functional aspects of apoptosis in the Xenopus laevis B3/B7 and mouse EL4 thymoma cell lines are revealed. Moreover, by using information gleaned from digital imaging and immunocytochemistry, changes in GDC-0941 cell line locations of key proteins implicated in apoptotic anti-cancer responses, e. g. p53 and Mdm2, are shown. Suggestions are offered as to what these results might mean with respect to the evolutionary conservation of the function and structure of these two molecules and to cancer

resistance in amphibians. Finally, studies are described on resveratrol as an anti-cancer therapeutic reagent in the two thymoma cell lines and in normal X. laevis thymocytes.”
“Streptococcus mutans, a key etiological agent of the human dental caries, lives primarily on the tooth surface in tenacious biofilms. The SMU864 locus, designated pdxR, is predicted to encode a member of the novel MocR/GabR family proteins, which are featured with a winged helix DNA-binding N-terminal domain and a C-terminal domain highly homologous to the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aspartate aminotransferases. A pdxR-deficient mutant, TW296, was constructed using allelic exchange. PdxR deficiency in S.mutans had little effect on cell morphology and growth when grown in brain heart infusion. However, when compared with its parent strain, UA159, the PdxR-deficient mutant displayed major defects in acid tolerance response and formed significantly fewer biofilms (P smaller than 0.01).

Of these, 488 infants were included in cohort 1 (C1) (births from January 1, 1990 to June 30, 1992) and 253 in cohort 2 (C2) (from January 1, 2011 to September check details 14, 2012). Results: More mothers (96.8%) initiated breastfeeding in C2 compared with those in C1 (65.6%) (p smaller than 0.001). Additionally, 41.4% of mothers in C2 breastfed for more than 6 months, relative to 25.8% in C1 (p smaller than 0.001). The benefits

of breastfeeding were endorsed by more women in C2 (45.8%) compared with C1 (11.4%) (p smaller than 0.01). Reasons for stopping feeding remained largely consistent. Conclusions: Significant improvements were evident in the initiation and duration of breastfeeding of the VP infant over time. This improvement was associated with attitudinal shifts in mothers about Navitoclax the benefits of breastfeeding.”
“Early results of the fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) regimen in 224 patients showed that it was highly active as initial therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In

this report, we present the final results of all 300 study patients at a median follow up of 6 years. The overall response rate was 95%, with complete remission in 72%, nodular partial remission in 10%, partial remission due to cytopenia in 7%, and partial remission due to residual disease in 6%. Two patients (< 1%) died within 3 months of starting therapy. Six-year overall and failure-free survival were 77% and 51%, respectively. Median time to progression was 80 months. Pretreatment characteristics independently associated with inferior response were age 70 years or older, beta 2-microglobulin twice the upper limit of normal (2N) or more, white cell count 150 x 10(9)/L or more, abnormal chromosome 17, and lactate dehydrogenase

2N or more. No SHP099 solubility dmso pretreatment characteristic was independently associated with decreased complete remission duration. The risk of late infection was 10% and 4% for the first and second years of remission, respectively, and less than 1.5% per year for the third year onward. In a multivariate analysis of patients receiving fludarabine-based therapy at our center, FCR therapy emerged as the strongest independent determinant of survival.”
“Background The timing of bowel preparation for colonoscopy influences the quality of bowel cleansing and the success of the procedure. Aim We aimed to determine whether the interval between the end of bowel preparation and the start of colonoscopy influences preparation quality. Methods We retrospectively analysed 1785 colonoscopies performed between January 2010 and January 2011. The quality of bowel cleansing was compared between those who had a less than 8-h interval between the end of bowel preparation to the start of the procedure versus those who had a greater than 8-h interval.

Results. MB stained the gastric mucosa blue; this tint could be seen through the intact mucosal layer exposed via myotomy. Dye extravasation was seen during Buparlisib cell line laparoscopic surgery with mucosal perforations of 1.2 mm and greater with or without air insufflation of the stomach. Air extravasation was seen with perforations of 2.0 mm and greater. Conclusion. Full strength 1% MB dye instilled into the gastric lumen can potentially be used as a marker for detection of mucosal perforations of 1.2 mm or greater during

laparoscopic pyloromyotomy.”
“Mutations in the complement factor H gene (CFH) region associate with renal-limited mesangial proliferative forms of glomerulonephritis including IgA nephropathy (IgAN), dense deposit disease (DDD) and C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN). Lack of kidney biopsies could lead to under diagnosis of CFH-associated end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in African Americans (AAs), with incorrect

attribution to other causes. A prior genome-wide association study in AAs with non-diabetic ESKD implicated an intronic CFH single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Thirteen CFH SNPs (8 exonic, 2 synonymous, 2 3′UTR, and the previously associated intronic variant rs379489) were tested for association with common forms of non-diabetic and type 2 diabetes-associated (T2D) ESKD in 3770 AAs (1705 with non-diabetic ESKD, 1305 with T2D-ESKD, 760 controls). Most cases lacked kidney biopsies; those with known IgAN, DDD or C3GN were excluded. Adjusting for age, gender, ancestry and apolipoprotein L1 gene risk variants, single SNP analyses detected 6 CFH SNPs (5 exonic and the intronic variant) as significantly associated with non-diabetic ESKD (P = 0.002-0.01), three of TEW-7197 these SNPs were also associated with T2D-ESKD. Weighted CFH locus-wide Sequence Kernel Association Testing (SKAT) in non-diabetic ESKD (P = 0.00053) and T2D-ESKD (P = 0.047) confirmed significant evidence of association. CFH was associated with commonly reported etiologies of ESKD in the selleck screening library AA population. These results suggest that a subset of cases with ESKD clinically ascribed to the effects of hypertension

or glomerulosclerosis actually have CFH-related forms of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Genetic testing may prove useful to identify the causes of renal-limited kidney disease in patients with ESKD who lack renal biopsies.”
“Objective: We assessed various aspects of speech-language and communicative functions of an individual with the preserved speech variant of Rett syndrome (RTT) to describe her developmental profile over a period of 11 years. Methods: For this study, we incorporated the following data resources and methods to assess speech-language and communicative functions during pre-, peri-and post-regressional development: retrospective video analyses, medical history data, parental checklists and diaries, standardized tests on vocabulary and grammar, spontaneous speech samples and picture stories to elicit narrative competences.

Etanercept therapy was EPZ-6438 Epigenetics inhibitor withdrawn and steroids regime was indicated with clinical and laboratory improvement. A month

after, the patient developed hypothyroidism and recurrence of RA. A year after, the patient is asymptomatic with rituximab, methotrexate, and levothyroxine therapy. We report a case of GT probably in an etanercept-induced granulomatous reaction context.”
“Background Current knowledge about the optimal energy and nutrient supply for common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) is scarce, and more information is needed for establishing the underlying nutritional concepts for facilitating longevity of this species as laboratory animals for biomedical research.\n\nMethods Two feeding experiments were conducted to yield fundamental data about feed acceptance, real feed intake, and feed preferences under laboratory conditions. Newly developed feeding concepts for marmoset monkeys were also examined in preliminary investigations to compare the outcomes with those of a commercial pelletized mixed feed.\n\nResults

The first experiments showed preferences for main protein sources in the diets studied, specifically that plant proteins are more accepted than fish meal or egg protein as the main protein source. Several aroma supplements did not modify the acceptance and feed intake RWJ 64809 markedly.\n\nConclusions The newly developed feeding concept yielded promising preliminary data for long- term studies of energy and nutrient supply under laboratory conditions. However, studies of the fundamental requirements are still needed.”
“In the present study, an artificial neural networks-based model was developed to predict the ferrite fraction of microalloyed steels during continuous cooling. Fourteen parameters affecting the ferrite fraction were considered as inputs, including the cooling rate, initial austenite grain size, and different chemical compositions. The network was then trained to predict

the ferrite fraction amounts as outputs. A multilayer feed-forward back-propagation network was developed and trained using experimental data form literatures. The predicted values are in very good agreement with the measured ones indicating that the developed model is very accurate and Liproxstatin-1 ic50 has the great ability for predicting the ferrite fraction.”
“We have used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to characterise the chemical and structural composition of the tendons of the rotator cuff and to identify structural differences among anatomically distinct tears. Such information may help to identify biomarkers of tears and to provide insight into the rates of healing of different sizes of tear. The infrared spectra of 81 partial, small, medium, large and massive tears were measured using FTIR and compared with 11 uninjured control tendons. All the spectra were classified using standard techniques of multivariate analysis.\n\nFTIR readily differentiates between normal and torn tendons, and different sizes of tear.

Brain MRI was obtained in stroke- and dementia-free survivors of both generations 1 (n = 186) and 2 (n = 1,867) during 1999-2005. Baseline IGF-1 was related to risk of incident dementia using Cox models and to total brain and hippocampal volumes using linear regression in multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, APOE epsilon 4, plasma homocysteine, waist-hip ratio, and physical activity.Results:Mean IGF-1 levels were 144 +/- 60 g/L in generation 1 and 114 +/- 37 g/L in generation 2. We observed 279 cases of incident dementia (230 AD dementia) over a mean follow-up of 7.4 +/- 3.1 years. Persons with IGF-1 in the

lowest quartile had a 51% greater risk of AD dementia (hazard ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval:

1.14-2.00; p = 0.004). Among persons without dementia, higher IGF-1 levels were associated with greater total brain volumes (/SD increment in IGF-1 was 0.55 +/- 0.24, selleck screening library p = 0.025; and 0.26 +/- 0.06, p smaller than 0.001, for generations 1 and 2, respectively).Conclusion:Lower serum levels of IGF-1 are associated with an increased risk of LY2603618 datasheet developing AD dementia and higher levels with greater brain volumes even among middle-aged community-dwelling participants free of stroke and dementia. Higher levels of IGF-1 may protect against subclinical and clinical neurodegeneration.”
“In morphine tolerance a key question that remains to be answered is whether mu-opioid receptor (MOPr) desensitization contributes to morphine tolerance, find more and if so by what cellular mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that MOPr desensitization can be observed in single rat brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) neurons following either prolonged (> 4 h) exposure to morphine in vitro or following treatment of animals with morphine in vivo for 3 days. Analysis of receptor function by an operational model indicated that with either treatment morphine could induce a profound degree (70-80%)

of loss of receptor function. Ongoing PKC activity in the MOPr-expressing neurons themselves, primarily by PKC alpha, was required to maintain morphine-induced MOPr desensitization, because exposure to PKC inhibitors for only the last 30-50 min of exposure to morphine reduced the MOPr desensitization that was induced both in vitro and in vivo. The presence of morphine was also required for maintenance of desensitization, as washout of morphine for > 2 h reversed MOPr desensitization. MOPr desensitization was homologous, as there was no change in alpha(2)-adrenoceptor or ORL1 receptor function. These results demonstrate that prolonged morphine treatment induces extensive homologous desensitization of MOPrs in mature neurons, that this desensitization has a significant PKC-dependent component and that this desensitization underlies the maintenance of morphine tolerance.

(C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The decision limit (CC alpha), capability of detection (CC beta) AZD0530 Angiogenesis inhibitor and quantification limit (QL) are importance performance characteristics in method validation. The

TLC-Scanner 3 from Camag provides the possibility to choose the slit dimension of light to determine the peak chromatogram of a substance. The influence of the slit dimension for determination of CC alpha, CC beta and QL of paracetamol has been carried out. Paracetamol was spotted onto plates of AL-TLC Si G 60 F254 by linomat 4 in the range of 50-400 ng/spot and 10-400 ng/band, then on twin chambers eluted with TAEA (toluene:acetone-ethanol:conc.ammonia, 45 + 45 + 7 + 3 v/v) for 45 mm. Eluted spots were scanned in different slit dimensions at 248 nm. The CC alpha, CC beta and QL of paracetamol were estimated through the linear regression (LRM) and C59 wnt signal-to-noise (S/N) methods. Slit lengths between 50 and 133 % of the band width of the spots, and with the noise factor of the slit under 2.6, produced good precision measurements of TLC-densitometry between plates, while slit lengths between 50 and 83 % of the band width of the spots introduced a higher sensitivity response of the detector. The estimated

CC alpha, CC beta and QL were determined by how the data were collected, the analytical optical setting, and the usage method for the estimation of both validation parameters.”
“Studies that used conflict paradigms such as the Eriksen

Flanker task show that many individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have pronounced difficulty resolving the conflict that arises from the simultaneous activation of mutually exclusive responses. This finding fits well with contemporary views that postulate a key role for the basal ganglia in action selection. Napabucasin manufacturer The present experiment aims to specify the cognitive processes that underlie action selection deficits among PD patients in the context of variations in speed-accuracy strategy. PD patients (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 17) performed an arrow version of the flanker task under task instructions that either emphasized speed or accuracy of responses. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy rates decreased with speed compared to accuracy instructions, although to a lesser extent for the PD group. Differences in flanker interference effects among PD and healthy controls depended on speed-accuracy strategy. Compared to the healthy controls, PD patients showed larger flanker interference effects under speed stress. RT distribution analyses suggested that PD patients have greater difficulty suppressing incorrect response activation when pressing for speed. These initial findings point to an important interaction between strategic and computational aspects of interference control in accounting for cognitive impairments of PD.

PTSD severity correlated with chronic pain severity. Thresholds of subjects with PTSD were significantly higher than those of subjects with anxiety and healthy controls. but they perceived suprathreshold stimuli its being much more intense than the other two groups. These results suggest that subjects with PTSD exhibit an intense and widespread chronic pain and a unique sensory profile of hyposensitivity to pain accompanied by hyper-reactivity to suprathreshold Dihydrotestosterone noxious stimuli. These features may be attributed

to the manner with which PTSD subjects emotionally interpret and respond to painful stimuli. Alternatively. but not mutually exclusive. the findings may reflect altered sensory

processing among these subjects. (C) 2005 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The microbial biological control potential of three strains of Beauveria bassiana sensu lato originally isolated from the shore fly Scatella tenuicosta (Diptera: Ephydridae) was assessed in a series of laboratory bioassays. Comparisons were made to two commercially-available strains of B. bassiana. Two of the shore fly strains proved 27-67 times more 4EGI-1 cost virulent than the commercial strains in terms of LC50 (14-17 vs. 458-942 conidia/mm(2)) and killed shore flies more rapidly. B. bassiana s. l. strain ST1 exhibited a mass production capacity comparable to the commercial B. bassiana stain GHA, producing 2.8 x 10(12) conidia/kg barley-based solid substrate in ventilated mushroom spawn bags. The shore fly strains of Beauveria sporulated on a higher

percentage of killed adult shore flies and produced substantially greater numbers Momelotinib solubility dmso of conidia per cadaver than the commercial strains, indicating that these pathogens are well adapted to this host. Female shore flies treated with strain ST1 survived for only 5 days, with longevity being reduced by 8-10 days compared to control insects. This reduction in survival had a large impact on total lifetime egg production, reducing it by 78-88%, depending on the time of treatment relative to the pre-oviposition period. However, fungal growth within infected female shore flies had no effect on egg production or egg viability until the day before the flies succumbed to mycosis (day 4 post-inoculation). As a consequence, the intrinsic rate of shore fly population increase and population doubling time were little affected by fungal infection (0.4357 vs. 0.4152 and 1.6 vs. 1.7 days for control vs. Beauveria-treated populations, respectively). These findings underscore the challenges involved with use of slow-acting pathogens for control of highly fecund greenhouse pests and the fundamental necessity of integrating these agents into integrated pest management systems. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.